Greek Ruins

Written by Peter Pitts on June 2, 2008 – 7:03 am -

According to the FDA, consumers who thought they were purchasing sleep aids, antidepressants and other drugs over the Internet instead were shipped a powerful antipsychotic, sending some unwitting victims to the emergency room.

The Food and Drug Administration said a number of consumers took the schizophrenia drug, haloperidol, after being shipped what they thought were a variety of different pills, including Ambien, a sleep aid, and the anti-anxiety medications Xanax and Ativan. Others thought they were getting the antidepressant Lexapro.

Preliminary analysis of the pills, packaged in plain plastic bags and mailed in envelopes bearing Greek postmarks, suggest they contain haloperidol. The FDA said it had reports of several consumers seeking emergency medical treatment for symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, muscle spasms and muscle stiffness after taking the pills.

The FDA used the occasion to remind consumers of the possible dangers of buying prescription drugs on the Web.

The FDA posted images of the suspect pills and their shipping packages on its Web site to help consumers identify any suspect product they may have ordered.

Consumers apparently ordered the drugs through a variety of commercial Web sites. The FDA said it was investigating.


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Getting a rise out of Europe

Written by Peter Pitts on May 29, 2008 – 3:35 pm -

According to a new European Commission, seizures of counterfeit drugs at the EU border rose 51 percent last year compared with 2006. Drugs seized last year included hypertension, osteoporosis and cholesterol treatments, and Viagra was the most popular counterfeited medicine.

Is anybody listening?


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Blame it on Rio, et. al.

Written by Peter Pitts on May 26, 2008 – 8:16 pm -

Some good news from the just complete World Health Assembly — for the first time at the ministerial level, there was an extended discussion on counterfeit medicines. And the really good news is that a majority of countries are aligning for strong concerted action. (China laid low.)

Not Brazil. Their main concern was related to the definition of counterfeits because of its intellectual property rights (IPR) implications. One of Brazil’s hang-ups centered on the potential inclusion of “substandard” medicines” in the overall definition of “counterfeits” — which Brazil sees as a code word for unauthorized generics and similares.

And not India. According to Gopa Kumar, research officer at the Centre for Trade and Development, “Counterfeiting is an issue of trademark violation and has no bearing on public health.”

Yep – that’s a direct quote, Check it out here:

 http://www.livemint.com/2008/05/23004023/India-fears-generic-drugs-may.html

The only thing this absurd rhetoric from Brazil and India puts into context is the pretzel logic gyrations of Jamie Love and his sci-fi obsession over the “definition” of counterfeits.

For more on this, see “Putting Lipstick on a Blister Pack” here: http://www.drugwonks.com/blog/putting_lipstick_on_a_blister_pack/

This time the clock was on the side of Brazil and India because there was insufficient time to convene a drafting group to resolve the resolution. But the resolution (proposed by Nigeria and others), to aggressively address the problem – and define counterfeiting for what it is – criminal international health care terrorism, is on the table for discussion at the Executive Board meeting in January.

And that’s concrete progress.


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Putting lipstick on a blister pack

Written by Peter Pitts on May 23, 2008 – 5:48 am -

Yesterday Jamie Love e-mailed Bruce Sterling (the science fiction) and asked him to help come up with a new term for counterfeiting because, “ There are significant problems with overusing the term.” Science Fiction? Give me a break.

In any event, it’s a moot point because there is already a word that accurately describes international prescription drug counterfeiting – that word is “crime.” And it translates accurately into most languages.

(As far as Jamie’s “significant problems” are concerned, that’s another issue for another time.)


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My Anatolia

Written by Peter Pitts on May 22, 2008 – 7:55 am -

Here’s a new report from the Anatolian News Agency on the dangers of counterfeit medicines.

(What?  You don’t speak Turkish?)

ANKARA (A.A) - 22.05.2008 - Selma Bıyıklı- ABD’de sağlık alanında çalışma yürüten bir kuruluş olan Center for Medicine in the Public Interest (CMPI) (Kamu Yararına Sağlık Merkezi) sahte ilaç ticaretinin 2010′a kadar yılda yüzde 13 artış göstereceği tahmininde bulundu. Merkezin verilerine göre, sahte ilaç satışının 2010 yılında 75 milyar dolara ulaşması bekleniyor.

CMPI tarafından dünyadaki sahte ilaç ticaretiyle ilgili bir süre önce yayınlanan ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün (DSÖ) güncellenmiş sahte ilaç raporunda da yer verilen rapora göre, sahte ilaç piyasası her yıl biraz daha büyüyor. Raporda, dünyadaki sahte ilaç ticaretinin 2010′a kadar yılda yüzde 13 artış göstereceği tahmininde bulunuldu.

”Para makinesi” olarak tanımlanan yasa dışı ilaç satışlarının yasal ilaç satışlarına göre her yıl 2 kat fazla arttığına işaret edilen rapora göre, sahte ilaç satışının 2010 yılında 75 milyar dolarlık bir seviyeye ulaşması bekleniyor. Bu rakam 2005 yılıyla karşılaştırıldığında, yüzde 92′lik bir artışa işaret ediyor.

Bu tahminlerin DSÖ, ABD Sağlık Dairesi, Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu ve diğer küresel kuruluşların son derece titiz öngörülerine dayandırıldığı raporda, ”Rakamların aslında gerçekte olduğundan düşük tahmin edilmiş olabileceği” endişesi dile getirildi. Bu endişenin nedeni olarak da ‘’sahte ilaç bileşenlerinin yeni bir suç akımı olarak ortaya çıkması” gösterildi.

Geçmişte sahte ilaç bileşenlerinin sadece suç örgütleri tarafından sahte ilaç için kullanıldığına işaret eden merkez, günümüzde bu bileşenlerin yasal ilaç üreticilerine satılabildiğine, bununla mücadelenin de çok zor olduğuna dikkati çekti.

”Heparin” adlı ilacın ölümcül etkisinin, sahte bileşen satışı ve bunun ilaç yapımında kullanımından kaynaklanabileceği de raporda dikkat çekici unsurlar arasında yer aldı.

-TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SAHTECİLİK-

Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD) İlaçları Dış İlişkiler Direktörü ve Araştırmacı İlaç Firmaları Derneği (AİFD) Sahte İlaca Karşı Mücadele Komitesi Üyesi Jeff Kemprecos, küresel düzeydeki ilaç sahtekarlığına ilişkin bu raporun, önceki tahminlerin üstünde bir rakama işaret ettiğini söyledi.

Bunun da sorunun özellikle gelişmemiş ülkelerde giderek kötüleştiği anlamına geldiğini kaydeden Kemprecos, ”Gelişmişlik düzeyi oldukça düşük Afrika ülkelerinin bazılarında çeşitli ilaç türlerinin neredeyse yüzde 80-90′ının sahte olduğu tespit edilmiştir” dedi.

Türkiye’deki durumun ise farklı olduğunu ifade eden Kemprecos, şöyle konuştu:

”Türkiye’de sahtekarlığın büyük bir bölümü ilaçların yeniden ambalajlanarak satılması ve sosyal güvenlik sisteminin bu yolla dolandırılması şeklinde gerçekleşiyor. Çoğu durumda ilaçlar bozulmamakta ya da değiştirilmemekte, fakat yetkili makamları aldatmak üzere sahte kutular kullanılabilmektedir. Türkiye’de ilaç sektörü, emniyet güçleri ve Sağlık Bakanlığı sahteciliği durdurmak ve bu suçu işleyen çeteleri dağıtmak üzere yakın bir işbirliği içinde çalıştığından bizler şanslıyız. Yetkili makamlar, sahte kutulardan şüphelendikleri her durumda bizimle bağlantıya geçerek ambalajın orjinal olup olmadığını kontrol ettiriyor.”

Kemprecos, vatandaşların da kullandıkları ilaçların ambalajı hakkında herhangi bir şüpheye düştüklerinde ilaç içeriğinin doğrulanması amacıyla yakın bir eczaneye, Sağlık Bakanlığına veya üreticiye başvurmaları gerektiğini söyledi.

Bu tür suçların tamamen ortadan kaldırılması için vatandaşların tetikte olması gerektiğini belirten Kemprecos, ”Tüm dünyada ve Türkiye’de biyo-teknoloji firmaları ile araştırmacı ilaç şirketleri hiçbir ahlaki yanı olmayan, bu ticarete dahil olan suçlular için çok daha katı cezaların verilmesini destekliyor” diye konuştu.

-”TÜRKİYE’DE DAHA ÇOK KUTU SAHTECİLİĞİ YAŞANIYOR”-

AİFD Genel Sekreteri Engin Güner de toplum sağlığını ciddi şekilde tehlikeye atan ve bazen ölümlere bile yol açabilen sahte ilaçların çeşitli biçimlerde hastalara ulaşabildiğini bildirdi.

Türkiye’de çoğunlukla kutu sahteciliği yaşandığını, bu yolla geri ödeme kurumlarının büyük oranda zarara uğratıldığını anlatan Güner, ”Bu sahtekarlık bazen son kullanma tarihi geçmiş olan ürünlerin yeniden kutulanması bazen de ilacın kutusuyla birlikte üretilmiş sahtesi şeklinde gerçekleşebilmekte” diye konuştu.

Türkiye’de bu sahteciliğin mali boyutuyla ilgili bir rakam vermenin çok güç olduğunu ifade eden Güner, ”Yurt içinden piyasaya sürülen sahte ilaçların yanı sıra çevre ülkelerden Türkiye’ye girenler de bulunuyor” dedi.

DSÖ’nün ”Dünyadaki ilaçların yüzde 6’sının sahte olduğu” uyarısını yaptığını hatırlatan Güner, bu oranın gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yüzde 50 olduğunu, bazı Afrika ülkelerinde ise yüzde 80′lere kadar çıkabildiğini söyledi. Güner, şunları kaydetti:

”Sonuçta gelişmiş veya gelişmekte olan ülkelerin hemen hemen tümü değişen oranlarda da olsa bu sorunu yaşıyor. Örneğin, ABD’de bile lipit düşürücülerden kanser ilaçlarına kadar geniş bir yelpazede sahte ilaçlar tespit edilmiş. Bunun önüne geçmek için öncelikle yaptırımların caydırıcı olması gerekir. Halen 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 187. maddesine göre sahte ilaç üretimi ve satılması suçtur. Kişilerin hayatını ve sağlığını tehlikeye sokacak nitelikte ilaç üreten veya satanların, 1 yıldan 5 yıla kadar hapis ve adli para cezasına çarptırılması yasada öngörülmektedir. Bu cezaların daha ağırlaştırılması ve uygulanması sorunun çözümünde önemli bir adım olacaktır.”

-”İNTERNETTEN İLAÇ ALMAYIN”-

Ayrıca dağıtım kanallarının etkili bir şekilde denetlenmesinin de önem taşıdığını vurgulayan Güner, şu uyarılarda bulundu:

”Bir başka önlem de hastaların ilaçlarını nereden aldıklarına dikkat etmeleridir. Hastalar ilaçlarını mümkün olduğu kadar düzenli olarak gittikleri eczanelerden satın almalıdırlar. Ayrıca kesinlikle internet üzerinden ilaç satın alınmamalıdır. İnternet sahte ilaçların pazarlanması için en çok yararlanılan ortamlardan biridir.”

Sahte ilaçların sisteme takas veya geri iade yolu ile de girebildiğine işaret eden Güner, ”Bu nedenle eczaneler ve ecza depoları da bu yolla aldıkları ilaçları çok dikkatli bir şekilde gözden geçirmelidir” dedi.

Sahte ilaç ambalajlarına karşı koruma sağlayacak ve ilaç tedarik zincirinin bütünlüğünü koruyacak yeni bir sistemin kurulmasının da zorunlu olduğunu belirten Güner, ”Sağlık Bakanlığı ve üye şirketlerimizle yakın bir işbirliği içinde, pratik ve uygulanabilir nitelikte, ilaçların hastaya tedarik edilmesini engellemeyecek 2 Boyutlu Barkod Teknolojisine dayalı yeni bir sistemi uygulamayı hedefliyoruz. Sistemin tümüyle uygulanması için bir geçiş sürecinin gerekli ve yararlı olacağını düşünüyoruz” diye konuştu.


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Cell Cultures

Written by Peter Pitts on May 21, 2008 – 6:21 am -

At a recent European Commission-sponsored high level conference, Internal Market Commissioner Charlie McCreevy, commented that the EC wants practical, pragmatic suggestions for fighting the “modern-day highway robbery” known as piracy and counterfeiting. McCreevy stressed that more regulation is not the answer, and that solutions lie with public-private cooperation.

Don’t get me wrong – I’m all for free-market solutions and public/private cooperation.  But when it comes to counterfeit prescription medicines (aka:  International Health Care Terrorism) national and international law enforcement agencies as well as domestic criminal justice officials must engage in the debate.  And actively.  And immediately.

Only governments can put into place enhanced investigatory assets and harsher penalties.

Public/Private cooperation.  Certainly.  But only governments can catch and keep criminals in jail.

When it comes to discouraging international prescription drug counterfeiting, what we need is a more robust cell culture.


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1-800-NOT SURE

Written by Peter Pitts on May 20, 2008 – 7:47 am -

On Friday I offered “public comment” to the concept of placing a 1-800 number is all DTC television ads.  While to many this idea sounds like a no-brainer — it ain’t so easy.  Some things to consider:

* The use of the terms “adverse event” and “side effect” being used inter-changeably.  Just what do consumers think they mean?  The committee seemed to think that the FDA should look into this.

* How can poly-pharmacy patients report an adverse event when they can’t be sure what’s caused it?

* Will an 800 number (presented via a super, audio, or both) cause a “power of suggestion” situation, thus producing a kind of adverse event “placebo effect.”

These general themes led the committee to worry (and rightfully so) that information reported via an 800 number would likely provide the FDA with data of questionable quality and utility.  A serious “signal-to-noise” issue. Of particular worry was how the FDA would then use this information relative to communicating “early safety signals.”  Talk about unintended consequences!


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Flipping the Bird

Written by Peter Pitts on May 18, 2008 – 10:11 am -

 

Focusing on prescription drug counterfeiting as international health care terrorism is often trivialized by pols and pundits as “just another scare tactic of Big Pharma.” That argument has never held up under the facts (stubborn things those facts) — and here’s a new truth that should further force those who deny the threat of counterfeits to reconsider their position — efforts to control the spread of bird flu in poultry in Southeast Asia are being hampered by the use of ineffective and often fake agricultural vaccines. This according to Robert Webster, a British virologist, animal flu specialist, and director of the World Health Organization’s Collaborating Centre for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds. As a result the threat of the virus evolving and being able to pass to humans, triggering a potentially catastrophic pandemic grows. It’s time to wake up and address prescription drug counterfeiting as what it is — international health care terrorism.


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Where are all the dead bodies?

Written by Peter Pitts on May 12, 2008 – 7:12 am -

Have you noticed that folks in Washington, DC have stopped asking this question?

The Lancet 2008; 371:1551
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60663-7

Editorial

Combating counterfeit drugs

Last week, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) told a Congressional hearing that it believes a contaminant found in batches of heparin, which have killed at least 81 patients, might have been deliberately added. The source of the contaminant—oversulfated chondroitin sulphate—has been traced back to a Chinese supplier of drug manufacturer Baxter International. Why the stocks might have been intentionally contaminated is unclear, but the fact that oversulfated chondroitin sulphate is structurally similar to heparin but about 100 times cheaper, raises the very real possibility that it could have been added by counterfeiters.

If counterfeiting is behind the heparin case, it would not be that surprising; trends indicate that counterfeit medicines, defined by WHO as drugs that have “been deliberately and fraudulently mislabelled with respect to identity and/or source”, are a growing, global problem. The FDA alone has seen an 800% increase in the number of new counterfeit cases between 2000 and 2006. In developing countries, where drug regulatory systems can be weak or non-existent, around 10–30% of medicines might be counterfeit. Antimalarials have been a particular target for counterfeiters, and fakes have flooded the market in many Asian countries.

The substances used to adulterate medicines can vary from chalk, to antibiotics, to highly lethal substances that cause alarming spikes in mortality rates. Subtherapeutic levels of the genuine medicine, such as an antimalarial, can also lead to death or the development of fatal drug resistance. But these deaths, mainly in developing countries, are largely hidden in public-health statistics.

This situation is only likely to worsen as counterfeit drugs are becoming more difficult to combat. Criminals are using more sophisticated techniques to bypass standard laboratory testing such as the addition of cheaper substances that mimic genuine drugs. Holograms on drug packaging, designed to make counterfeiting more difficult, are also being copied with increasing accuracy making boxes of fake products hard to detect by the human eye. These deceptive measures have unfortunately led to a booming, lucrative trade. The Center for Medicine and the Public Interest estimates the sales of counterfeit drugs will reach US$75 billion in 2010. So what is being done to address the problem?

At the international level, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution against counterfeit and substandard drugs in 1988, and at the end of 2006, the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT) was set up by WHO to mobilise action. However, despite these moves, few concrete steps have been taken by countries and political will to adopt anti-counterfeiting measures is lacking.

Most WHO member states are doing a poor job of reporting counterfeiting cases. Incredibly, between 2002 and 2004, WHO received no reports of counterfeit drugs. In many countries, counterfeiting medicines is not even considered a crime and when it is, the penalties for those found guilty often do not tally with the severity of the action. For example, in the UK, the prison sentence and fine for counterfeiting a T-shirt with a trademarked logo can be greater than for counterfeiting a medicine. Tougher prison sentences and heftier fines need to be introduced by governments to deter counterfeiters.

Countries must also strengthen their ability to regulate the drug supply. According to WHO, only 20% of its member states have well-developed drug regulatory systems, and around 30% have no or weak drug regulation. Twinning food and drug authorities in rich countries with ones in resource-poor countries might help nations that are struggling to regulate the market. Drug authorities also need to work effectively with customs, the police, scientists, health workers, WHO, and INTERPOL. This type of collaborative approach has proved successful in tackling counterfeit antimalarials in southeast Asia.

The pharmaceutical industry also has its part to play. It should be legally required to report suspected cases of counterfeiting to the relevant national drug authority—a practice which is currently voluntary. Companies must also be encouraged to lower the prices of their products in developing countries to reduce the economic incentive for counterfeiters.

There is no magic bullet to deal with counterfeit medicines. Countries need to adopt multipronged, multidicisplinary approaches to combat the problem. WHO and donor countries should provide support to developing nations to strengthen their drug regulatory systems. But individual governmental commitment to this goal is essential. Without it, public safety will continue to be compromised.


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Lancet: “A lot!”

Written by Peter Pitts on May 9, 2008 – 8:12 am -

The growing threat posed by dangerous fake drugs has been highlighted by a leading medical journal.Between 2000 and 2006 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) saw an eight-fold increase in the number of new counterfeit cases, said The Lancet.

In developing countries with weak regulatory systems, around 10% - 30% of medicines might be counterfeit, the journal added.

Antimalarial drugs were a particular target for counterfeiters and fake drugs had flooded the market in many Asian countries.

Worldwide sales of counterfeit drugs were forecast to reach 75 billion US dollars (£38.22 billion) in 2010.

Counterfeit medicines are defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as drugs that have been “deliberately and fraudulently mislabelled with respect to identity and/or source”.

Counterfeiting may have caused the deaths of at least 81 patients in the US who died after being treated with contaminated heparin, a widely used blood thinning drug.

Last week the FDA told a Congressional hearing it believed a dangerous contaminant found in batches of the heparin may have been deliberately added. The contaminant, traced back to a Chinese supplier, was structurally similar to heparin but 100 times cheaper.

Substances used to adulterate medicines varied from chalk to antibiotics to highly lethal substances, said the editorial.

The counterfeit drug trade was becoming more difficult to combat, it pointed out. Criminals were using more sophisticated techniques to bypass standard laboratory tests, for instance by adding cheaper substances that mimicked genuine drugs.


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